Holding device for dried biological fluid spotting membrane and related methods

ABSTRACT

A holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane includes a plastic top face, a plastic bottom face, and a pocket disposed between the top face and the bottom face. The plastic top face includes a window formed therein. The pocket is configured for receiving a dried biological fluid spotting membrane that is accessible through the window by a user during dried biological fluid spot testing. A method for assembling a holding device includes positioning the membrane within a pocket of a plastic membrane housing, and securing the membrane within the pocket. The holding device may be utilized for forming dried biological fluid spots and extracting samples therefrom for analysis.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to dried biological fluid spot testing. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices and methods for holding dried biological fluid spotting membranes.

BACKGROUND

Dried biological fluid spot testing such as dried blood spot (DBS) testing is becoming increasingly popular for pharmaceutical companies in clinical trials. Collection sites for clinical trials may sample blood spots (or other types of biological fluid spots) in the field, allow the spots to dry, and then ship the spots at a lower cost than liquid samples due to the non-biohazard status of dried blood spots and the less rigorous requirements for temperature control. Blood spotting is also becoming useful in preclinical work as analytical chemists are required to store samples for Incurred Sample Reanalysis (ISR) studies, and dried blood spots have proven to be an effective way to stabilize the analytes and the matrix. Typically, DBS samples are prepared by applying drops of blood drawn from a finger or toe to an absorbent membrane or substrate (e.g., filter paper) of an appropriate composition. The blood saturates the membrane and is air dried for a period of time (e.g., several hours) sufficient to form an array of circular dried blood spots on the membrane. The spot-containing membrane (which, as described below, is typically housed in a cardboard holder) may then be stored in a plastic container and transported as needed without needing to be frozen. The dried blood spots may thereafter be separated from the bulk membrane by punching the dried blood spots to create individual dried blood spot disks. Analytes such as pharmaceutical compounds may then be extracted from the dried blood spots by any number of techniques and subjected to analytical testing. Other types of biological fluid samples may be dried and subsequently processed in an analogous manner.

Typically, the absorbent membrane is housed in a membrane holder that is made of cardboard or chipboard. The absorbent membrane is sandwiched between a top cardboard face and a bottom cardboard face. The top face is secured to the bottom face by adhesive. A user may access the absorbent membrane via a window that passes through the top face and/or the bottom face. Conventional cardboard holders have many problems. For instance, cardboard can bend or warp easily (during testing, handling, shipping, etc.) which can impede the uniformity of the absorbent membrane. As another example, chemicals in the adhesives used to secure the top cardboard face to the bottom cardboard face may contaminate blood samples on the absorbent membrane. Also, conventional cardboard holders are generally not reusable.

In view of the foregoing, there is a need for providing devices and methods specifically designed for effectively holding dried biological fluid spotting membranes. In particular, there is a need for providing a holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane that is durable and effective in holding its form or shape (and thus the form or shape of the membrane) during testing (including automated testing), handling, shipping, etc. In addition, there is a need for providing a holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane that minimizes (or eliminates) the use of chemical adhesives. There is also a need for providing a holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane that is capable of being reused.

SUMMARY

To address the foregoing problems, in whole or in part, and/or other problems that may have been observed by persons skilled in the art, the present disclosure provides methods, processes, systems, apparatus, instruments, and/or devices, as described by way of example in implementations set forth below.

According to one implementation, a holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane includes a plastic top face, a plastic bottom face, and a pocket disposed between the top face and the bottom face. The plastic top face includes a window formed therein, and the window has a length and a height. The pocket has a length and a height, and is configured for receiving a dried biological fluid spotting membrane that is accessible through the window by a user during dried biological fluid spot testing.

In some implementations, the length of the window is less than the length of the pocket, and the height of the window is less than the height of the pocket.

In some implementations, the window of the top face is a first window and the bottom face comprises a second window formed therein. The second window has a length that is substantially the same as the length of the first window, and a height that is substantially the same as the height of the first window.

In some implementations, the holding device includes a plastic laminate layer and a plastic body. The plastic laminate layer includes the top face. The plastic body includes the bottom face and an opposing inner face. The laminate layer is adhered to the inner face.

In some implementations, the holding device includes a plastic top piece and a plastic bottom piece. The plastic top piece includes the top face and a first inner face opposing the top face. The first inner face includes a plurality of male components extending from the first inner face. The plastic bottom piece includes the bottom face and a second inner face opposing the bottom face. The second inner face includes a plurality of female components extending into the second inner face. The female components are configured for detachably mating with the male components.

According to another implementation, a method is provided for assembling a holding device. A dried biological fluid spotting membrane is positioned within a pocket of a plastic membrane housing. The membrane is secured within the pocket, and is accessible by a user via a window formed in a top face of the plastic membrane housing.

In some implementations, securing the membrane within the pocket includes overmolding a top piece onto an inner face of the plastic membrane housing. The inner face includes the pocket formed therein, and the top piece includes the top face.

In some implementations, securing the membrane within the pocket includes adhering a plastic laminate layer to an inner face of the plastic membrane housing. The plastic laminate layer includes the top face.

In some implementations, securing the membrane within the pocket includes detachably mating male components extending from a first inner face of a top piece with female components extending into a second inner face of a bottom piece of the membrane housing. The top piece includes the top face and the first inner face opposing the top face. The bottom piece includes a bottom face and the second inner face opposing the bottom face. The second inner face includes the pocket formed therein.

According to another implementation, a method is provided for using a holding device in which a membrane is secured in a pocket of the holding device. A dried biological fluid spot is formed on the membrane by accessing the membrane via a window of the holding device, applying a drop of a biological fluid sample to the membrane to form a biological fluid spot, and allowing the biological fluid spot to dry.

In some implementations, the method includes accessing the dried biological fluid spot via the window and extracting a portion of the dried biological fluid spot formed on the membrane.

In some implementations, the method includes removing the top piece from the bottom piece by detaching male components from female components. The membrane may be removed from the pocket. The removed membrane may be replaced with a second dried biological fluid spotting membrane by positioning the second membrane within the pocket. The second membrane may be secured within the pocket by detachably mating the male components and the female components.

Other devices, apparatus, systems, methods, features and advantages of the invention will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be better understood by referring to the following figures. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an example of a holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane according to an implementation disclosed herein.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of a top face of a top piece of the holding device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2B is a plan view of a first inner face opposite the top face illustrated in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2C is a side cross-sectional elevation view of a male component illustrated in FIG. 2B.

FIG. 3A is a plan view of a second inner face of a bottom piece illustrated in FIG. 1, shown without the dried biological fluid spotting membrane.

FIG. 3B is a side cross-sectional elevation view of the bottom piece illustrated in FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of another example of a holding device for the dried biological fluid spotting membrane according to an implementation disclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another example of a holding device for the dried biological fluid spotting membrane according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the context of the present disclosure, the term “fluid” refers generally to liquid-phase materials and gas-phase materials, unless a liquid-phase material or a gas-phase material is specifically indicated. The terms “liquid-phase” and “liquid,” and “gas-phase” and “gas,” are used interchangeably. A liquid-phase material or liquid may be any liquid, such as a solution, suspension, slurry, multi-phase mixture or the like, and may include gaseous components (e.g., bubbles) and/or solid components (e.g., particles). A gas-phase material or gas may be any gas or vapor, and may include liquid components (e.g., droplets) and/or solid components (e.g., particles). A “dried fluid sample” or a “dried fluid spot” refers generally to a material that was initially provided in the liquid phase and was thereafter dried, such as by air drying.

In the context of the present disclosure, the term “analyte” refers generally to any sample molecule of interest—that is, a molecule on which an analysis is desired such as, for example, a chromatographic analysis.

Examples of implementations of the subject matter disclosed herein will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1-5.

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an example of a holding device (or “membrane housing”) 100 for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane (or “substrate,” or “card”) 102 according to an implementation of the present teachings. Examples of biological fluids that may be formed into dried biological fluid spots using the membrane 102 include, but are not limited to, blood-based samples such as whole blood, plasma or serum. In these cases, the spot-containing membrane 102 is often termed a dried blood spotting card. It will be appreciated, however, that biological fluids formable into dried spots are not limited to blood-based samples. The membrane 102 may be made of any composition suitable for use as a spotting card, non-limiting examples of which include various types of cellulosic filter papers, glass fiber/cellulose composites, cellulose-free glass fiber paper, polyamides (e.g., nylon), propylene, nitrocellulose, polyethersulfone, etc. Further examples of membrane compositions are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/860,669, titled DRIED BLOOD SPOTTING PAPER DEVICE AND METHOD, filed Aug. 20, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Preferably, the membrane 102 material is able to uniformly absorb a biological fluid sample to form a homogeneous circular spot. Indicia such as dashed circles may be provided on the membrane 102 for assisting in placement of multiple biological fluid samples when it is desired to form an array of dried biological fluid spots. The indicia may include printed matter, perforations and/or scoring.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the holding device 100 may include a plastic top piece 104, a plastic bottom piece 106, and a pocket 108 configured for receiving the membrane 102. The top piece 104 and the bottom piece 106 may generally be made of any suitable plastic material capable of being injection molded or formable by any other suitable fabrication technique. Examples of suitable plastic materials include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyethylene, other polyolefins, polyamide, polyacrylate, and the like. As injection molding of plastic materials is widely known to those of skill in the art, a detailed discussion of the injection molding process will not be discussed in detail in the present disclosure. The top piece 104 may include a top face 110, a first inner face (see FIG. 2B, element 220) opposing the top face 110 and a first window 112 formed between the top face 110 and the first inner face 220. As used herein, the phrase “a first window 112 formed between the top face 110 and the first inner face 220” is not intended to limit the method by which the first window 112, the top face 110, or the first inner face 220 is formed. For example, in the injection molding process, a mold for the top piece 104 may be designed such that when the plastic material is injected into the mold, a protrusion in the mold may form the first window 112 between the top face 110 and the first inner face 220. As another example, after the injection molding process, appropriate tools may be used to cut the first window 112 between the top face 110 and the first inner face 220. It will be understood that the present disclosure encompasses various components formed into a surface or between two or more surfaces, as well as a surface or surfaces formed so as to provide various components therein or therethrough.

The first window 112 has a length and a height. To more easily describe dimensions of various components of the present invention, lengths and heights of the various components will be described in relation to horizontal and vertical axes. Although the cross-sections of the holding devices 100 (and holding devices 400 and 500 discussed below in conjunction with FIGS. 4-5) described herein are rectangular in shape, it will be understood that the cross-sections of the holding devices 100, 400 and 500 (as well as the shapes of windows described herein) may be any suitable shape, such as circular, polygonal, elliptical, etc. The length of the first window 112 is measured along a horizontal axis 114, and is the distance between a first side wall 116 and a second side wall 118 of the first window 112. The height of the first window 112 is measured along a vertical axis 120, and is the distance between a top wall 122 and a bottom wall 124 of the first window 112. The first window 112 allows a user to access the membrane 102 when the top piece 104 is secured to the bottom piece 106.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of the top face 110 of the holding device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 2B is a plan view of the first inner face 220, which is opposite the top face 110 illustrated in FIG. 2A. The first inner face 220 may include a plurality of male components 226 a-226 d extending from the first inner face 220. The male components 226 a-226 d are configured for detachably mating with corresponding female components (see FIGS. 1 and 3A-3B, elements 126 a-126 d) extending into a second inner face 128. In some implementations, the male components 226 a-226 d may not be visible from the top face 110. The broken lines formed into circles on the top face 110 in FIG. 2A illustrate where the male components 226 a-226 d are positioned on the first inner face 220 relative to the top face 110. Although the holding device 100 in the present implementation includes four male components 226 a-226 d and four corresponding female components 126 a-126 d, it will be understood that the holding device 100 may include any suitable number of male components 226 a-226 d and corresponding female components 126 a-126 d, and the male components 226 a-226 d and female components 126 a-126 d may be positioned in any suitable place on the first inner face 220 and the second inner face 128, respectively. In some implementations, the first inner face 220 may include female components 126 a-126 d extending into the first inner face 220, and the second inner face 128 may include male components 226 a-226 d extending from the second inner face 128.

FIG. 2C is a side cross-sectional elevation view of the male component 226 c illustrated in FIG. 2B. As shown in FIG. 2C, the male component 226 c may include a compressible portion 230 such as a collar that is configured for compressing as the male component 226 c is pressed or otherwise detachably secured within the corresponding female component 126 c. For example, as the male component 226 c is positioned within the female component 126 c, the compressible portion 230 may be compressed by force imparted by the inner wall(s) of the female component 126 c, which may result in an interference fit, friction fit, press fit, or the like between the male component 226 c and the corresponding female component 126 c. As shown in FIG. 2C, in some implementations the compressible portion 230 may include two or more segments separated by a gap that are movable relative to each other when force is imparted to one or more of the segments. The other male components 126 a, 126 b and 126 d may be configured substantially identical to male component 226 c.

Returning to FIG. 1, the bottom piece 106 of the holding device 100 includes the second inner face 128 and a bottom face (see FIG. 3B, element 340). As discussed above, the second inner face 128 may include the female components 126 a-126 d extending into the second inner face 128. In the present example, the female components 126 a-126 d have hexagonal cross-sections. It will be understood that the female components 126 a-126 d may include any suitable cross-sectional shape, so long as the female components 126 a-126 d are configured for detachably receiving the corresponding male components 226 a-226 d. In some implementations, the female components 126 a-126 d may extend into the second inner face 128 a selected depth. In some implementations, the female components 126 a-126 d may extend through the bottom piece 106, i.e., from the second inner face 128 to the bottom face 340.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pocket 108 may be formed in the second inner face 128, and is configured for receiving the membrane 102. The pocket 108 is shown more clearly in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3A is a plan view of the second inner face 128 illustrated in FIG. 1, shown without the dried biological fluid spotting membrane 102. The pocket 108 has a length and a height. The length of the pocket 108 is measured along a horizontal axis 130, and is the distance between a first side wall 134 and a second side wall 136 of the pocket 108. The height of the pocket 108 is measured along a vertical axis 132, and is the distance between a top wall 138 and a bottom wall 140 of the pocket 108. The length of the first window 112 may be less than the length of the pocket 108, and the height of the first window 112 may be less than the height of the pocket 108, such that the membrane 102 may be securely held between the top piece 104 and the bottom piece 106 when the top piece 104 is secured to the bottom piece 106 (i.e., when the male components 226 a-226 d are detachably mated with the corresponding female components 126 a-126 d).

FIG. 3B is a side cross-sectional elevation view of the bottom piece 106 illustrated in FIG. 3A. In some implementations, the first window 112 (FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B) is the only window of the holding device 100, and the bottom face 340 serves as a solid backing for the membrane 102 and thus may serve as a disposable punching surface. In other implementations, as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3B, the bottom face 340 may include a second window 312 formed therein. The second window 312 allows a user to access the membrane 102 via the bottom face 340 of the holding device 100. The second window 312 has a length and a height. The length of the second window 312 is measured along the horizontal axis 130, and is the distance between a first side wall 320 and a second side wall 322 of the second window 312. The height of the second window 312 is measured along the vertical axis 132, and is the distance between a top wall 324 and a bottom wall 326 of the second window 312. As with the first window 112, the length of the second window 312 may be less than the length of the pocket 108, and the height of the second window 312 may be less than the height of the pocket 108. In some implementations, the length of the second window 312 may be substantially the same as the length of the first window 112, and the height of the second window 312 may be substantially the same as the height of the first window 112.

Returning to FIG. 1, the top piece 104 has a length and a height. The length of the top piece 104 is measured along the horizontal axis 114, and is the distance between a first outer side wall 150 and a second outer side wall 152 of the top piece 104. The height of the top piece 104 is measured along the vertical axis 120, and is the distance between an outer top wall 154 and an outer bottom wall 156 of the top piece 104. Similarly, the bottom piece 106 has a length and a height. The length of the bottom piece 106 is measured along the horizontal axis 130, and is the distance between a first outer side wall 158 and a second outer side wall 160 of the bottom piece 106. The height of the bottom piece 106 is measured along the vertical axis 132, and is the distance between an outer top wall 162 and an outer bottom wall 164 of the bottom piece 106. In some implementations, the length of the top piece 104 and the length of the bottom piece 106 may range from about 1 inch to about 6 inches, and the height of the top piece 104 and the height of the bottom piece 106 may range from about 1 inch to about 3 inches. In some implementations, the length and/or height of the top piece 104 may be less than the respective length and/or height of the bottom piece 106.

The user of the holding device 100 may easily attach the top piece 104 to the bottom piece 106 by pressing the male components 226 a-226 d into the corresponding female components 126 a-126 b. The user of the holding device 100 may easily detach the top piece 104 from the bottom piece 106 by removing the male components 226 a-226 d from the female components 126 a-126 b (e.g., pulling the top piece 104 away from the bottom piece 106). The membrane 102 may be positioned in the pocket 108, and the top piece 104 may then be secured to the bottom piece 106. One or more dried biological fluid spots may be formed on the membrane 102. For example, a user (or an automated testing apparatus) may access the membrane 102 via the first window 112 (or, in some implementations, via the second window 312), and apply a drop(s) of a biological fluid sample to the membrane to form a biological fluid spot. The biological fluid spot may be allowed to dry over a period of time. A user may form a dried biological fluid spot on the membrane 102 without actually handling the membrane 102, which may decrease the likelihood of contamination of the biological fluid sample A user may extract a portion of the dried biological fluid spot (for example, by using a punch device, or any other suitable extraction apparatus) for assaying. A portion of the dried biological fluid spot may be extracted (e.g., punched) via the first window 112, for example. The membrane 102 does not have to be handled by a user in order to extract a portion of the dried biological fluid spot. The user may detach the top piece 104 from the bottom piece 106, and remove the membrane 102 from the pocket 108. In some implementations, the top piece 104 and bottom piece 106 may be sterilized after the membrane 102 is removed. The user may position a second membrane within the pocket 108. The user may secure the second membrane within the pocket 108 by detachably mating the male components 226 a-226 d and the corresponding female components 126 a-126 d. As may be seen from the present disclosure, the holding device 100 may be reused. The holding device 100 does not require the use of adhesives. Since the holding device 100 is made of injection molded plastic, the holding device 100 is a durable alternative to conventional cardboard holders. For example, the plastic holding device 100 may be less likely to bend or deform during shipping, handling, automated testing, etc.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of another example of a holding device 400 for the dried biological fluid spotting membrane 102 according to an implementation disclosed herein. The holding device 400 includes a plastic body 402. The body 402 may be composed of any suitable polymer such as described by example above, and may be formed by any suitable fabrication technique, such as injection molding. The plastic body 402 includes an inner face 436, a bottom face (not shown) opposing the inner face 404 and a pocket 406 formed in the inner face 436. The pocket 406 is configured for receiving the membrane 102. The pocket 406 has a length and a height. The length of the pocket 406 is measured along a horizontal axis 408, and is the distance between a first side wall 410 and a second side wall 412 of the pocket 406. The height of the pocket 406 is measured along a vertical axis 414, and is the distance between a top wall 416 and a bottom wall 418 of the pocket 406. The holding device 400 includes a plastic laminate layer 420 that may be adhered to the inner face 436. The plastic laminate layer 420 may be made of any suitable plastic material, and may be adhered to the inner face 436 by any suitable adhesive known to those skilled in the art. The laminate layer 420 includes a top face 404. The top face 404 includes a first window 422 therein, which allows a user to access the membrane 102 when the laminate layer 420 is adhered to the inner face 436. The first window 422 has a length and a height. The length of the first window 422 is measured along a horizontal axis 424, and is the distance between a first side wall 426 and a second side wall 428 of the first window 422. The height of the first window 422 is measured along a vertical axis 430, and is the distance between a top wall 432 and a bottom wall 434 of the first window 422. The length of the first window 422 may be less than the length of the pocket 406, and the height of the first window 422 may be less than the height of the pocket 406, such that the membrane 102 may be securely held within the pocket 406 when the laminate layer 420 is adhered to the inner face 436. In some implementations, the bottom face of the plastic body 402 may include a second window (not shown) therein, which allows a user to access the membrane 102 via the bottom face. The second window may be configured similarly to the second window 312 discussed above in conjunction with FIGS. 1-3B.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another example of a holding device 500 for the dried biological fluid spotting membrane 102 according to the present invention. The holding device 500 may include a bottom face (not shown), a top face 502, and a pocket 504 disposed between the bottom face and the top face 502, where the pocket 504 includes the membrane 102 positioned therein. A bottom piece of the holding device 500 may include an inner face (not shown) and the bottom face. The inner face may include the pocket 504 formed therein. The pocket 504 has a length and a height. The length of the pocket 504 is measured along a horizontal axis 506, and is the distance between a first side wall 508 and a second side wall 510 of the pocket 504. The height of the pocket 504 is measured along a vertical axis 512, and is the distance between a top wall 514 and a bottom wall 516 of the pocket 504. The top face 502 includes a first window 518 therein, which allows a user to access the membrane 102 during dried blood spot testing, for example. The first window 518 has a length and a height. The length of the first window 518 is measured along the horizontal axis 506, and is the distance between a first side wall 520 and a second side wall 522 of the first window 518. The height of the first window 518 is measured along the vertical axis 512, and is the distance between a top wall 524 and a bottom wall 526 of the first window 518. The length of the first window 518 may be less than the length of the pocket 504, and the height of the first window 518 may be less than the height of the pocket 504, such that the membrane 102 may be more securely held within the pocket 504. In some implementations, the bottom face may include a second window (not shown) therein, which allows a user to access the membrane 102 via the bottom face. The second window may be configured similarly to the second window 312 discussed above in conjunction with FIGS. 1-3B.

The holding device 500 may be made according to the steps presented below. Unless expressly provided, the following steps are presented in no particular order. A bottom piece (not shown) may be injection molded. The membrane 102 may be positioned within the pocket 504. The top face 502 may be injection molded (or otherwise formed by a suitable fabrication technique) to the bottom piece (e.g., via overmolding, a process known by those skilled in the art).

It will be understood that various methods are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure, including, but not limited to: methods for holding the dried biological fluid spotting membrane 102 during dried biological fluid spot testing; methods for assembling and disassembling the holding device 100, 400 or 500; methods for preparing the dried biological fluid spotting membrane 102 for dried biological fluid spot testing; and methods for using the holding device 100, 400 or 500 in the context of dried biological fluid spot testing. In conjunction with holding and/or using the holding device 100, 400 or 500, a window of the holding device 100, 400 or 500 may be utilized to access the membrane 102 for various purposes. For example, one or more drops of a biological fluid sample may be applied to the membrane 102 and allowed to dry (e.g., air dry) to create one or more dried biological fluid spots. As another example, a dried biological fluid spot or a portion thereof may be extracted from the membrane 102 via the window by any suitable means.

As one non-limiting example of extracting a dried biological fluid spot or portion thereof from the membrane 102, a punch device (or punch tool) may be operated to punch out a dried biological fluid sample unit (i.e., a portion of the membrane 102 containing the dried biological fluid spot or a portion of the dried biological fluid spot) from the membrane 102. For this purpose, the holding device 100, 400 or 500 may be placed or mounted on a suitable support surface, and the punch device may then be thrust through the window and through the membrane 102 where the target dried biological fluid spot is located. The punch device is typically cylindrical and thus the as-formed sample unit is typically disk-shaped. Once the sample unit has been formed it may be transported to an analytical device or any other desired destination. Depending on the design of the punch device, the as-formed sample unit may be captured in the punch device and transported therewith and/or the punch device may be utilized to perform certain sample preparation procedures such as, for example, solid phase extraction, sample clean-up, etc.

In some implementations, after forming the spot-containing sample unit, the sample unit may be exposed to a flow of one or more elution solvents (e.g., methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, water, etc., with or without buffers or other additives) to create an analyte-inclusive liquid sample matrix. The analyte-inclusive liquid sample matrix may then be processed in any desired manner for separating, concentrating, purifying, and/or analyzing the analytes (i.e., subsequent analytical techniques) eluted from the sample unit. Examples of subsequent analytical techniques include, but are not limited to, protein precipitation, fraction collection, centrifugation, spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, various types of SPE (e.g., normal-phase, reversed-phase, ion-exchange, etc.), and various types of chromatography (e.g., preparative chromatography, liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), etc.) as well as hyphenated techniques entailing mass spectrometry (LC/MS^(n), GC/MS^(n), etc.). Other subsequent analytical techniques include the testing or processing of genetic material (i.e., “genetic testing”) such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Examples of genetic testing include, but are not limited to, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), hybridization, genomic sequencing, labeling, assaying, etc. Hence, for example, in the case of sample units formed from dried blood spots, the eluents from these sample units may be tested for pharmaceutical compounds, other drug-related compounds, or other chemistries, or high molecular weight (HMW) molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins or other polymers.

Some examples of punch devices and related devices that may be utilized in conjunction with the holding device 100, 400 or 500 include those disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/916,834, titled DRIED BIOLOGICAL FLUID SPOT PUNCH DEVICE AND RELATED METHODS, filed Nov. 1, 2010; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/917,138, titled APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING AND SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION OF DRIED BIOLOGICAL FLUID SPOT AND RELATED METHODS, filed Nov. 1, 2010, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

As may be seen from the present disclosure, the holding devices 100, 400 and 500 described herein provide effective means for holding the membrane 102 during dried biological fluid spot testing, such as dried blood spot testing, including automated dried blood spot testing. In addition, the holding devices 100, 400 and 500 described herein provide effective means for holding the membrane 102 during shipping and handling. The holding devices 100, 400 and 500 may be held or manipulated in a manner that avoids having to contact the membrane 102 and the dried biological fluid spots contained thereon, thereby avoiding contamination of the dried biological fluid spots. In addition, the holding devices 100, 400 and 500 are effective in maintaining the form and/or shape of the membrane 102 during testing, thus facilitating reliable test results.

In general, terms such as “communicate” and “in communication with” (for example, a first component “communicates with” or “is in communication with” a second component) are used herein to indicate a structural, functional, mechanical, electrical, signal, optical, magnetic, electromagnetic, ionic or fluidic relationship between two or more components or elements. As such, the fact that one component is said to communicate with a second component is not intended to exclude the possibility that additional components may be present between, and/or operatively associated or engaged with, the first and second components.

It will be understood that various aspects or details of the invention may be changed without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration only, and not for the purpose of limitation—the invention being defined by the claims. 

1. A holding device for a dried biological fluid spotting membrane, comprising: a plastic top face comprising a window formed therein, the window comprising a length and a height; a plastic bottom face; and a pocket disposed between the top face and the bottom face, the pocket comprising a length and a height, wherein the pocket is configured for receiving a dried biological fluid spotting membrane that is accessible through the window by a user during dried biological fluid spot testing, and at least one of the length and the height of the window is less than the length or the height of the pocket, respectively.
 2. The holding device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the top face and the bottom face is made of a plastic selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyimide, polyacrylate and a combination of two or more of the foregoing.
 3. The holding device of claim 1, further comprising the dried biological fluid spotting membrane positioned within the pocket.
 4. The holding device of claim 1, wherein the length of the window is less than the length of the pocket, and the height of the window is less than the height of the pocket.
 5. The holding device of claim 1, wherein the window of the top face is a first window and the bottom face comprises a second window formed therein, the second window comprising a length that is substantially the same as the length of the first window, and a height that is substantially the same as the height of the first window.
 6. The holding device of claim 1, further comprising a plastic laminate layer and a plastic body, wherein the laminate layer comprises the top face, the plastic body comprises the bottom face and an opposing inner face, the laminate layer is adhered to the inner face, the length of the window is less than the length of the pocket, and the height of the window is less than the height of the pocket.
 7. The holding device of claim 6, wherein the window of the top face is a first window, and the bottom face comprises a second window formed therein, the second window comprising a length that is substantially the same as the length of the first window, and a height that is substantially the same as the height of the first window.
 8. The holding device of claim 1, further comprising: a plastic top piece comprising the top face and a first inner face opposing the top face, wherein the length of the window is less than the length of the pocket, and the height of the window is less than the height of the pocket; a plastic bottom piece comprising the bottom face and a second inner face opposing the bottom face, wherein one of the first inner face and the second inner face comprises a plurality of male components and the other of the first inner face and the second inner face comprises a plurality of female components, the female components being configured for detachably mating with the male components.
 9. The holding device of claim 8, wherein the pocket is formed in the second inner face.
 10. The holding device of claim 8, wherein the window of the top face is a first window, and the bottom face comprises a second window formed therein, the second window comprising a length that is substantially the same as the length of the first window, and a height that is substantially the same as the height of the first window.
 11. A method for assembling the holding device of claim 1, the method comprising: positioning the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket; and securing the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein securing the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket comprises overmolding a top piece onto a bottom piece, the top piece comprising the top face, and the bottom piece comprising the pocket and the bottom face.
 13. A method for assembling the holding device of claim 6, the method comprising: positioning the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket; and securing the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket by adhering the plastic laminate layer to the inner face.
 14. A method for assembling the holding device of claim 8, the method comprising: positioning the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket; and securing the dried biological fluid spotting membrane within the pocket by detachably mating the female components with the male components.
 15. A method for using the holding device of claim 1, wherein the membrane is secured in the pocket, the method comprising forming a dried biological fluid spot on the membrane by accessing the membrane via the window, applying a drop of a biological fluid sample to the membrane to form a biological fluid spot, and allowing the biological fluid spot to dry.
 16. The method of claim 15, comprising accessing the dried biological fluid spot via the window and extracting at least a portion of the dried biological fluid spot formed on the membrane.
 17. A method for using the holding device of claim 8, wherein the membrane is secured in the pocket, the method comprising accessing the dried biological fluid spot via the window and extracting at least a portion of the dried biological fluid spot formed on the membrane.
 18. The method of claim 17, comprising removing the top piece from the bottom piece by detaching the male components from the female components, and removing the membrane from the pocket.
 19. The method of claim 18, comprising replacing the removed membrane with a second dried biological fluid spotting membrane by positioning the second membrane within the pocket, and securing the second membrane within the pocket by detachably mating the female components with the male components.
 20. The method of claim 17, comprising, before extracting, forming a dried biological fluid spot on the membrane by accessing the membrane via the window, applying a drop of a biological fluid sample to the membrane to form a biological fluid spot, and allowing the biological fluid spot to dry. 